Women in rural and agricultural areas play a key role in the development of the territories. Because of their role in the agricultural economy or fisheries, women are at the heart of the resilience of the most vulnerable societies. This publication aims to put different situations in perspective in the Mediterranean by analysing the challenges and opportunities related to strengthening the role of rural women in the economic, social, legal and political spheres. The articles in this publication have a national or regional scope, thematic (climate, migration, education, employment, access to services and resources ...) or sectoral (agriculture, fishing, breeding, crafts, entrepreneurship, politics,…). They allow us to better understand the logic of discrimination and to identify levers for change and to share good practices.