In the present report, the contribution of social protection systems, public services and sustainable infrastructure to the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls are examined. The report underlines the potential of coordinated action throughout the three areas for realizing the rights of women and girls across the life course by freeing up their time, supporting their mobility, enhancing their access to economic opportunities and strengthening their resilience to shocks. While important progress in access in these areas in recent decades is noted, persistent gaps and gender biases are highlighted, and suggestions are given on how these may be rectified. The situation of groups of women and girls who, due to multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, are particularly affected by exclusion and marginalization is also highlighted.