This report warns that gender discrimination practices truly limit the ability of many developing countries to grow and reduce poverty. It also notes that ‘differences between girls and boys in performance at school are more linked to home and school environments than dependent on innate differences.’ It is thus hardly surprising that ‘women scientists are more likely than their male counterparts to have at least one parent who is a scientist.’ Based on empirical research and data, the report incorporates substantive input from institutions involved in science and technology (S&T), gender studies and policy. The report aims to spur serious discussion and action in national and international scientific and academic communities, in order to increase women’s participation in S&T careers, enable sex-disaggregated data collection and rigorous research development, and build public awareness of gender issues.