This documents reports on the findings of a study on "Improving access to and retention of women in quality jobs in the Mediterranean region", funded by the French Development Agency. Three countries are at the heart of the analysis; Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey. The three studied countries show some striking similarities: they all have low female participation rates, a stereotyped segmentation of the labor market, domestic work time that is highly unfavorable for women, and the maintenance of representations that assign differentiated roles to men and women. However, the strong regional divergences and the different logics in urban and rural areas call for refinement of public policies and projects combating gender inequalities in education, access and retention of quality jobs.