This report is a result of an assessment mission to Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, which are transit countries for a massive movement of refugees trying to cross to Europe. Bearing in mind the difficult route the refugees are taking, women and girls are among the most vulnerable to all types of violence and exploitation. The objective of the assessment was to develop concise and practical recommendations to respond to the specific protection and assistance needs of women and girls fleeing to Europe. This report is mainly addressed to the EU institutions, governments, humanitarian actors and CSOs.