This study fulfils a demand from the Swedish Presidency of the Council of the European Union that seeks to examine whether gender differences persist in educational performance and career choices. The objective is to analyse whether these disparities have resulted in political initiatives such as the proposals to amend acts and other regulations related to education, national surveys, projects or all other types of official measures on gender. The study offers a panorama of the existing national political and legislative frameworks for gender equality in terms of education. It also addresses issues such as the school organization in terms of gender perspective, mixed education versus non-mixed education, and gender equality in higher education.