The report addresses the consequences of gender inequality on economic development in the EU Mediterranean Partners countries. It then proposes a list of recommendations on how to improve women’s access to an economic life. Thus, the study focuses on the social, cultural, anthropological or political considerations that mark the participation of women in the economic activity of the Mediterranean countries, both in the formal and informal economy and in the rural world. It seeks paths that could enable an increase in the participation of women in the labour market in the region.